基于固体介质的拉曼频率变换是产生新波段激光的有效技术方案。利用1572 nm KTP光参量振荡器腔内泵浦KGW晶体，实现了1616 nm （2阶）、1638 nm （3阶）、1662 nm （4阶）、1686 nm （5阶）、1711 nm （6阶）拉曼激光输出，其中1711 nm占据主导地位。激光器最大总平均输出功率为1.13 W，最小脉冲宽度为20 ns。该多阶级联拉曼变频对应的单阶平均拉曼频移为86 cm⁻¹，与文献报道的KGW晶体低频拉曼模式相吻合。采用1572 nm KTP光参量振荡器作为拉曼激光器的腔内泵浦源有两个优势，一方面可以有效拓展拉曼变频的输出波长，另一方面可以基于光参量振荡器的脉冲窄化特性为后续多阶拉曼转换提供高强度的泵浦光。通过引入多阶级联拉曼变频的方案，为有效利用固体介质非常规低频移拉曼模式提供了新思路。

The population trapping effect of the F34 level is an important factor limiting the power scaling of the 2.3 μm thulium (Tm) laser on the H34→H35 transition. In this Letter, we demonstrate a novel scheme of ground state absorption (GSA) (H36→H34) and excited state absorption (ESA) (F34→H34) dual-wavelength pumped 2.3 μm Tm lasers. Introducing an ESA pumping process can accurately excite the Tm3+ ions accumulated in the F34 level to the H34 level, constructing a double populating mechanism for the upper laser level H34. A proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of the GSA (785 nm) and ESA (1470 nm) dual-wavelength pumped 2.3 μm Tm:LiYF4 (Tm:YLF) laser was realized. A maximum continuous-wave output power of 1.84 W at 2308 nm was achieved under 785 and 1470 nm dual-wavelength pumping, increased by 60% compared with the case of 785 nm single-wavelength pumping under the same resonator condition. Our work provides an efficient way to achieve higher output power from 2.3 μm Tm-doped lasers on the H34→H35 transition.

We report on a widely tunable, narrow linewidth operation of a Tm:YAG ceramic laser. A volume Bragg grating is used in the cavity as a folding mirror for wavelength selection. The wavelength is tuned from 1956.2 to 1995 nm, leading to a total tuning range of 38.7 nm. The linewidth is around 0.1 nm over the whole tuning range. A maximum output power of 1.51 W at 1990.5 nm is achieved at 37.8 W absorbed pump power. Different saturation behaviors are observed in the laser performances at different wavelengths.